Information as concept supports a diversity of the significances, day labourer use with technical arrangements. Generally, the concept of information is closely related to the notions of the constraint, communication, order, data, form, instruction, knowledge, significance, mental stimulus, model, perception, and representation.Information is the writing of the knowledge of any subject. According to the dictionary of English of Oxford, the historical significance earliest of information of word in English was the act to inform, or to give the form or the form to the spirit, as in education, the instruction, or training. A quotation of 1387: "five books go down from the sky for the information of humanity." It was also employed for an article of the formation, for example a particular instruction. "Melibee had heard the great qualifications and reasons of Prudence injury, and its information and techniques wise." (1386) the English word was apparently derived by adding the "common noun from the action" tio of end it "- the ation" (gone down by the French from Latin "-") with the verb earlier to be informed, in the direction to give the form to the spirit, to discipline, inform, teach: the "so wise men should go to inform their kings." (1330) get information that comes (by the intermediary of the French) from the Latin informare of verb, to give the form to, to form an idea of. Moreover, already equal Latin himself contained the concept or the idea of significance of informatio of word, but the point to which this could have influenced the development of information of English word is not very clear. Like final note, the ancient word of Greek for the form was eidos, and this word was celebrates employed in a technical philosophical direction by Plato (and late Aristote) to indicate the identity or the ideal gasoline of something (see the theory of forms). "Eidos" can also be associated the thought, the proposal or even the concept. Information is a quality of a message of a shipper to one or more receivers. Information is always about something (size of a parameter, occurrence of an event, etc.). Seen this manner, information should not be precise. It can be a truth or a lie, or right the noise of a kiss. Even a disruptive noise prevented the flow of communication and to create the misunderstanding in this sight would be a form of information. However, generally, if the quantity of information in the received message increases, the message is more precise. This model supposes that there are a definite shipper and at least a receiver. Many improvements of the model assume the existence of a common language included/understood by the shipper and at least that of the receivers. An important variation identifies information as that which would be communicated by a message if it were sent of a shipper to a receiver able of arrangement the message. However, by requiring the existence of a defined shipper, the "information the model as message" does not attach any significance to the idea that information is something which can be extracted starting from an environment, for example, by the observation, the reading or measurement. Information is a limit with many significances according to the context, but in general is closely related to concepts such as the significance, knowledge, the instruction, the communication, the representation, and the mental stimulus. Simply indicated, information is a message received and included/understood. In terms of data, it can be defined as collection of facts of which conclusions can be drawn. There are many of other aspects of information since it is the knowledge acquired by the study or the experiment or the instruction. But total, information is the result treating, operating and organizing data of a way in which is added to the knowledge of the person receiving it. Another form of information is the information of Fisher, a concept of R.A. Fisher. This is employed in the application of the statistics to the theory of evaluation and science in general. The information of Fisher is regarded as quantity of information that a message diffuses about an inobservable parameter. It can be calculated knowledge of the function of probability defining the system. For example, with a normal function of probability, the information of Fisher is reciprocal dissension of the law. In the absence of the knowledge of the law of probability, the information of Fisher can be calculated normally distributed data of points as reciprocal of their second moment. Though the information and of the data are often employed one for the other, they are really very different. The data are a whole of independent information, and bus such is useless until it is correctly evaluated. On the evaluation, once that there is a certain significant relation between the data, and they show relevance, then they are converted into information. Maintaining these same data can be employed for various goals. Thus, until the data give of information, they are not useful. A complementary manner to measure information is provided by algorithmic theory of information. In short, this measures the content of information of a list of symbols based on at which point they foreseeable are, or more specifically as it easy is to calculate the list by a program: the content of information of an order is the number of little the shortest program which calculations it. The order below would have a very low algorithmic measurement of information since it is a very foreseeable model, and bus the model continues measurement would not change. The information of Shannon would give the same measurement of information for each symbol, since they are statistically random, and each new symbol would increase measurement. It is important to identify the limitations of the traditional theory of the information and the algorithmic theory of the information of the prospect for the human significance. For example, when to report itself to the content of significance of a Shannon message noted "frequently the messages have the significance... that these semantic aspects of communication are nonrelevant with the problem of technology. The significant aspect is that the real message is selected among a whole of possible messages "(emphase in the original). Micheal Reddy noted that "the ' signals of the mathematical theory are ' models which can be exchanged '. There is no message contained in the signal, the signals give the capacity to choose among a whole of possible messages." In the information theory "the system must be conceived to function for each possible choice, not simply one which will be really selected since it is unknown per hour of the design". Information is any model represented. This sight assumes neither exactitude nor the directly communicating parts, but assumes in the place a separation between an object and its representation. Consider the following example: the economic statistics represent an economy, in some manner that inaccurately. What generally indicated under the name of data in calculation, statistics, and other fields, are the forms of information in this direction. The electromagnetic models in a data-processing network and devices connected are related to something other that the model itself, such as the characters of the texts shown being and the entry of keyboard. The signals, signs, and the symbols are also in this category. In addition, according to semiotics, the data are symbols with certain syntax and information is data with certain a semantics. To paint and draw contain information insofar as they represent something such as a set of the objects on a table, a profile, or a landscape. In other words, when a model of something is transposed to a model of another thing, the last is information. It would be the case if there were no matter whom to perceive it. But if information can be simply defined like model, this means that neither the utility nor the significance are the components necessary of information? Discutablement a distinction must be made between the raw not-treated data and the information which has the utility, the value or a certain quantum of the significance. On this sight, information can indeed be characterized like model; but it is a condition necessary, not sufficient. An individual entry in a telephone directory, which follows a formed specific model of name, addresses and telephone number, does not become "instructive" in a certain direction unless and until it has a certain degree of utility, value or significance. For example, somebody could seek the number of a girl friend, could order one to carry etc... The large majority of numbers will never be interpreted as "an information" in any signicatif direction. Space between the data and information is only filled by a behavioral bridge by which a certain value, utility or significance are added to transform only data or model into information. When one builds a representation with object, one can selectively extract starting from the object (taking away) or employ a system of the signs to replace (coding), or from both. The taking away and coding have like consequence the representation. An example of old is a "sample" of a product; an example of the last is "verbal description" of a product. Both contain the information of the product, in a some way that vague. When the representation is interpreted, one can envisage a broader model of a limited number of observations (inference) or include/understand the relation between the models of two different things (decoding). An example of old is with the SIP a soup to know if it is corrupted; an example of the last examines prints of step to determine the animal and its state. In both cases, transmitters of information are not built or are not presented by a certain "shipper" of information. Without worrying, information is dependent at the time, but usually independent of and separated from, the medium or the media employed to express it. In other words, the position of a theoretical series of little, or even the output has in the past interpreted by a computer or a similar device, is of no importance, unless when somebody or something is present to interpret information. Consequently, a quantity of information is completely distinct from its medium. Often information is looked like a type of entry to a organization or a designed device. The entries are of two kinds. Some entries are important for the function of the organization (for example, food) or of the device (energy) by themselves. In its sensory ecology of book, Dusenbery called these causal entries. Other entries (information) are important only because they are associated the causal entries and can be employed to envisage the occurrence of a causal entry at a posterior time (and perhaps at a different place). Information is important because of association with other information but thereafter there must is a connection with a causal entry. In practice, information is usually disseminated by the weak stimuli which must be detected by the specialized sensory systems and to be amplified by energy absorptions before they can be functional with the organization or the device. For example, the light is often a causal entry with the factories but provides information to the animals. The considered coloured light of a flower is too weak to carry out much photosynthetic work but the visual system of the bee detects it and the nervous system of the bee employs information to guide the bee with the flower, where the bee often finds the nectar or the pollen, which are the causal entries, fulfilling a food function. Information is any type of sensory entry. When a organization with a nervous system receives an entry, it transforms the entry into electric signal. It is the information considered by some. The idea of the representation is still suitable, but in a slightly different way. I.e., whereas abstract painting does not represent anything concretely, when the televiewer sees painting, it nevertheless is transformed into electric signals which create a representation of painting. With definite in this way, information should not be related on the truth, the communication, or the representation of an object. The entertainment in general is not designed to be instructive. The music, arts of execution, the parks of recreation, work of the fiction and so on are thus forms of information in this direction, but they are not form necessarily of information according to some definitions given above. Consider another example: nutrition and taste of food provisioning for those which eat it. If information is equalized with the sensory entry, then the nutrition is not information but the taste is. Information is any type of model which influences the formation or the transformation of other models. In this direction, there is not no need for a spirit conscious of perceiving, much less appreciate, the model. Consider, for example, the ADN. The order of the nucleotides is a model which influence the formation and the development of a organization without any need for conscious spirit. Sometimes the theory of systems seems to be referred to information in this direction, arrogant information does not imply necessarily any conscious spirit, and of the models circulating (due to feedback) in the system can be called information. In other words, it can say that information in this direction something is potentially perceived like representation, although not created or presented to this end. In 2003, J D. claimed Bekenstein there is an increasing tendency in physics to define the physical world as being made in information itself (and information is thus defined in this way). Information has a significance well defined in physics. The examples of this include the phenomenon of the tangle of quantum where the particles can act one on the other without reference to their separation or speed of light. Information itself cannot travel more quickly than the light even if information is transmitted indirectly. This could carry out to the fact that all the attempts to physically observe a particle with a report/ratio "empêtré" with the other are slowed down, though the particles are connected in a no other way other than by information they carry. Another bond is shown by the experiment of thought of the demon of the maxwell' S. In this experiment, a direct relationship between information and a physical property different, entropy, is shown. A consequence is that it is impossible to destroy information without increasing the entropy of a system; in practice this often means to produce heat. Thus, in the study of the doors of logic, the theoretical lower limit of thermal energy released by AND it door is higher than for STEP the door (because information is not destroyed in AND carries it and is simply converted in STEP a door). Physical information is of particular importance in the theory of computers of quantum. The discs are a specialized form of information. Primarily, the discs are information produced consciously or like by-products of the economic activities or the transactions and maintained because of their value. Mainly their value is as obviousness of the activities of the organization but they can also be maintained for their informational value. The healthy management of the registers makes sure that the integrity of the discs is preserved as much as they are requested. The international standard on the management of the registers, OIN 15489, defines discs as "an information created, received, and maintained like obviousness and information by an organization or a person, under the terms of legal engagements or in the transaction of the businesses". The international committee of the Committee of files (ICA) on the electronic discs defined a disc as, "a specific piece of recorded information produced, gathered or received in release, the control or the achievement of an activity and that comprises the sufficient contents, context and the structure to provide the proof or the obviousness of this activity". The discs can be maintained because of their commercial value, as an element the storage of corporation of the organization or to answer legal, tax requirements or of responsibility imposed on the organization. Willis (2005) was in opinion that the healthy management of the files of the businesses and information provided "... six principal conditions for the good transparency of government of corporation...; responsibility; process due; conformity; to answer requirements of statutory right and coutoumier; and safety of personal information and corporation."
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